Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages

Dobrushina, Nina

English

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Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages

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Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages

Annotation

PII

S0373-658X0000460-9-1

Publication type

Article

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Published

Authors

Nina Dobrushina Send message

Edition

Issue 5

Pages

48-75

Abstract

An optative is a grammatical category of a verb that serves to express the speaker's desire. In some languages, it is expressed using special moods intended only for this. The presence of a specialized optative in the language is an areal feature of the Caucasus, which is a consequence of the peculiarities of local cultures: wishes for good are included in the everyday etiquette of many Caucasian peoples, wishes for evil are a typical formula for an insult. The article analyzes the ways of expressing an optative and related meanings in 16 languages of the Eastern Caucasus (languages of the Nakh-Dagestan family and the Turkic languages of Dagestan). It is argued that there are two semantic types of optatives with different ways of expression. The first, performative optative (most characteristic of the languages of Dagestan) expresses blessings or curses, that is, wishes for good or evil, addressed to the interlocutor, to a third person or to the speaker himself. The second, desiderative optative, serves to express the speaker's desire or dream. Some languages (for example, Kumyk and Chechen) have separate forms for expressing both optatives.

Keywords

volitional modality mood Nakh-Dagestan languages optative

Date of publication

06.09.2009

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557

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GOST	Dobrushina N. Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages // Voprosy Jazykoznanija. – 2010. – Issue 5 C. 48-75 .
MLA	Dobrushina, Nina "Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages." Voprosy Jazykoznanija. 5 (2010).:48-75.
APA	Dobrushina N. (2010). Semantic zone of optative in the Nakh-Dagestan languages. Voprosy Jazykoznanija. no. 5, pp.48-75

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